摘要
Located in the community of Flamborough within the City of Hamilton, Flamborough Centre Park is where Conservation Halton restored an under-used park into a treed wetland, as it would have appeared and functioned in its natural state. This project was designed to reduce flooding, provide wildlife habitat, increase opportunities for recreation and improve the quality of water flowing into Grindstone Creek.
背景介绍
Flamborough Centre Park, which is owned by the City of Hamilton, has a “seasonally high water table.” This means that the area is prone to flooding, which has made it difficult for the community to use the park for recreation, and it has been a challenge for the city to maintain the park. Before the area was turned into a park, it was a swamp, which is a wetland with specific kinds of trees—deciduous, in this case. Conservation Halton partnered with City of Hamilton to restore a small part of the area to this swamp ecosystem, in order to reduce flooding and create habitat for wildlife.
恢复
The restoration area at Flamborough Centre Park is 3.3 hectares (8.1 acres) of the park. In order to return the area to its natural state as a treed wetland, Conservation Halton removed a portion of the topsoil, created a number of shallow wetlands, added “pit and mound” features, and planted the area with native species that are tolerant of wet ground conditions.
坑洞和土丘森林
弗兰博尔公园的第一阶段恢复工作始于创建0.5公顷(1.2英亩)的 "坑和丘 "重新造林。坑和丘 "的方法被用来创造古老森林地面上的那种地形,这种地形需要几十年的时间才能自行建立。自然地,当根系较浅的树木在暴风雨中被连根拔起时,就会形成这种景观。因此,隆起的树根和土壤将成为一个土堆,然后被水填满,形成一个坑。哈尔顿保护组织创造了30个小的 "坑和土堆 "和两个较大的 "坑和土堆",每一个的形状和大小都略有不同,以提供更自然的外观。
野生动物栖息地
After the “pit and mounds” were created, a series of wildlife habitat features were installed. Salvaged wood debris, such as logs and branches, were placed around the “pit and mound” features as amphibian egg attachment sites. This wood debris will serve as natural habitat for wildlife, and when it breaks down as organic matter, it will provide nutrients to the soil. Conservation Halton also installed a number of bird boxes and perching poles for birds to use for resting and feeding.
浅层湿地
Phase 2 of restoration activities at Flamborough Park began in 2021. First, with the help of environmental consultants, a deeper wetland with a larger footprint was designed. During the summer, groundwater levels are usually low, so the wetland will be dry. During the spring and fall, groundwater levels are higher, and the wetland will be wet.
Habitat features, such as sunning logs and brush piles, were added to the wetland area for native species to rest, lay their eggs and hide from predators. The native trees and shrubs that were planted in the area around the wetland will attract insects, which will provide food for amphibians, birds, and turtles. Also, large wood debris, like tree trunks, branches and logs, will provide habitat for a range of organisms, including plants, mosses, lichens, insects and small animals.
Conservation Halton planted more than 1,200 native wetland plants, such as Marsh Marigold and White Turtlehead, and more than 1,500 trees and shrubs in the area surrounding the new wetland. These native species will help to further reduce flooding through the process of “evapotranspiration,” which is the release of water vapor by plants into the atmosphere.
Carbon
To simulate the conditions of a natural wetland, organic material like wood debris and “biochar,” was added to the soil. Biochar is a charcoal-like substance made by burning organic material, which helps wetlands to support water-purifying microbes and does not decompose, so carbon remains locked into the soil.
Installation Schedule:
- Phase 3 – 2022
- Phase 4 – 2023
Conservation Halton is working to restore an additional 1.6 hectares of Flamborough Centre Park into a treed wetland ecosystem over a two-year period. (This area is the front half of the park, where the former baseball diamond used to be.) As with previous phases, these will include the creation of a number of small wetlands and “pit and mound” features throughout the park to hold rainwater and groundwater. The wetlands and other features will be constructed at various depths to provide habitat conditions for wetland vegetation and wildlife.
Bat Habitat
Two “roosting poles” for bats will be installed at Flamborough Centre Park as part of the restoration project. Habitat loss is a major threat to bat populations in Ontario, but these poles will help increase habitat available for them to raise their young. Bats play an important role in the ecosystem by helping to pollinate important food crops, spread seeds, and manage pests.
A variety of native trees, shrubs, wetland plants, nuts and seeds were planted throughout the site at Flamborough Centre Park. It is estimated that after construction is complete, there will be:
- 10,000+ native wetland plants, trees and shrubs planted
- 3,200 herbaceous plants planted
- 42 kilograms of native seed mix scattered
Trees | Shrubs | Wildflowers and Wetland Plants | Nuts |
银色枫叶 | Highbush Cranberry | 沼泽乳草 | 沼泽白栎 |
东部白雪松 | Spicebush | 红雀花 | 橡树 |
美国梧桐树 | 南瓜子 | 野生佛手柑 | 沼泽白x伯尔杂交种 |
颤抖的阿斯彭 | 红色欧西尔山茱萸 | 斑点野牛杂草 | Shagbark Hickory |
红枫树 | 各式各样的柳树 | 蓝旗鸢尾花 | |
颤抖的阿斯彭 | Black Chokeberry | Boneset | |
Bur Oak | Common Ninebark | Buttonbush | |
Shagbark Hickory | Winterberry | Blue Lobelia | |
Eastern Cottonwood | Elderberry | Lady Fern | |
Yellow Birch | White meadowsweet | Cinnamon Fern | |
沼泽白栎 | Swamp red currant | Marsh Marigold | |
Bitternut Hickory | Speckled Alder | Square-Stemmed Monkey Flower | |
Common Hackberry | Arrowhead | ||
Paper Birch | Bur Reed |
大图片
据估计,安大略省的湿地数量已经减少了80%以上。湿地是健康流域的重要组成部分,并提供宝贵的生态系统服务,如减少洪水、防止侵蚀、保护我们的饮用水、为野生动物提供栖息地和创造娱乐机会。弗兰博尔中心公园的恢复工作强调了湿地在提供这些服务方面的关键作用,以及它们加强我们对气候变化的复原力的能力。
In 2022, a report on the benefits of natural assets in the Grindstone Creek watershed found that each hectare of deciduous swamp provided an average of $2 million dollars’ worth of ecosystem services every year in the form of stormwater management, erosion control, carbon sequestration, habitat services, atmospheric regulation and recreation opportunities. This means that in the future, the restoration project at Flamborough Centre Park will produce $6.5 million worth of ecosystem services every year.
Moving forward, Conservation Halton will be monitoring the new wetland to inform decisions on adaptive management, invasive species management and ensuring the wetland is set up for success as it continues to mature.
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This project was also funded by the Province of Ontario, Natural Resources Canada, and Wildlife Preservation Canada. Such support does not indicate endorsement by the Government of Ontario of the contents of this material.
(Conservation Halton is responsible for managing and implementing Phase 3 and 4 of the project on behalf of a third-party. Funding for this portion of the project is provided by the third-party to offset impacts to a nearby ecosystem.)